Social media platforms, particularly TikTok, are currently filled with influencers warning about "ferritin face," a term used to describe pallor, dark circles under the eyes, dry skin, and hair loss. These creators claim such symptoms indicate low iron stores in the body. However, medical experts are urging caution, noting that while these physical changes can be associated with iron deficiency, they are not definitive proof on their own.
Ferritin is the protein responsible for storing iron, primarily in the liver, and releasing it as needed. Because the body cannot produce iron, it must be consumed through diet. Measuring ferritin levels via blood tests provides a snapshot of iron reserves, though experts warn these levels are not always a reliable standalone guide. Sue Pavord, a professor of practice in medical haematology at Oxford University hospitals, noted that a level below 50 might point to iron deficiency.
The symptoms described by influencers, including grey skin, cracked lips, and hair loss, can stem from various factors such as genetics, stress, and dehydration. Pavord explained that while one cannot diagnose iron deficiency solely by looking at a person's face, these signs might suggest an underlying issue. She stated that iron is vital for every cell, and deficiency can lead to fatigue, brain fog, dull skin, and a pale appearance. Professor Toby Richards of the University of East London and the Iron Clinic added that such pronounced changes are often seen in patients with very low iron stores who are seriously ill.
Several factors contribute to low ferritin levels. Pavord identified heavy periods and pregnancy as the most common causes, alongside insufficient dietary intake or poor absorption due to conditions like coeliac disease. Blood loss from gastrointestinal problems, such as gastritis or polyps, can also lower levels, as can the high iron demand placed on athletes' bodies.
For those concerned about their ferritin levels, experts recommend seeking a blood test rather than self-diagnosing. Richards advised that individuals at high risk, including those with heavy periods, pregnant women, new mothers, and vegetarians or vegans, should request a full blood count, ferritin check, and tests for B12 and folate levels. He emphasized that iron deficiency is a serious condition and the leading cause of disability in women of reproductive age.
Pavord highlighted the importance of understanding the root cause of any deficiency. She noted that older individuals suspecting iron deficiency require a clinical assessment to investigate potential sources of bleeding from the bowel. While iron tablets are available over the counter, Richards warned that many products do not contain the appropriate treatment dose required for those who are truly deficient. He advised that proper treatment involves a full dose followed by a repeat blood test after three months.
Regarding the social media trend, opinions on its impact vary. Pavord expressed positivity about the increased awareness, arguing that society must stop normalizing iron deficiency and the fatigue it causes in women managing periods, pregnancies, and busy lives. Richards agreed that raising awareness of these issues is beneficial. However, Dr. Asiya Maula, a GP from The Health Suite, offered a cautious perspective, warning that social media trends may lead people to assume they have a deficiency based on symptom lists without verifying the actual cause through medical testing.
Sources: The Guardian Science.